[这个贴子最后由再来在 2009/07/25 09:08pm 第 1 次编辑]
下面引用由岁月无情在 2009/07/25 08:23pm 发表的内容:
哈哈! 广义与狭义而已。。。。。把心理咨询师叫心理医生是中国文化语境下通俗的叫法。。。。。。
岁月无情,那我们看看美国总统治理下的美国加州的情形
Licensure
In the U.S., all states have licensing laws as a way to guarantee to the consumer a minimal standard of education and training that must be met by practitioners who sell their services to the public in independent practice. These laws vary from state to state, so see below in Additional Resources for links (categorized by type of practice) to the various regulating boards.
执照;
美国所有的州都有相关的职业执照法律来规定公共执业者和个体执业者所必须接受的教育与训练标准的最低要求,来保证消费者权益,具体规定各州有所不同,。。。。。。。。。。
There are many settings, however, in which a person with any of various degrees might work as a “counselor” or “psychotherapist” without a license:
很多情况下,各种学位(这里指心理学相关的学位)可作“咨询师”或者“心理治疗师”,而不需要执照。
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Drug and alcohol counselors and residential treatment counselors who work for large agencies, or in hospitals, are examples. Many of these persons have only bachelor’s degrees. In these cases, “counselor” is a job title, not a license to practice independently.
比如在咨询机构和医院工作的药物酒精滥用咨询师,住所治疗咨询师, 他们中间很多人只有学士学位,这种情况下“咨询师”是一个工作名称,不是独立执业的资格,
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There are some states in the U.S. in which a person with a master’s degree in education or psychology may practice counseling or psychotherapy without a license.
美国有些州,获得了心理学硕士学位的人员你可以不需执照进行心理咨询和心理治疗
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A validly ordained Catholic priest who is actively serving his Ordinary (bishop or provincial) can practice counseling as a part of his pastoral functions. Some Protestant ministers and Rabbis can also provide counseling within the context of religious duties. Also, any one of these persons who has received an advanced degree in psychology or education and who has received supervised clinical training in psychotherapy may ethically practice psychotherapy within the pastoral role.
有效认证的、积极服务于其上级牧师 (地区主教或州省主教)的天主教牧师可以作为其教牧功能的一部分,进行咨询。
新教牧师,犹太教拉比也可以在其宗教只能之内进行咨询。
当然,其中任何接受了高级心理学学位、教育和有指导的临床心理治疗训练的牧师可以名正言顺地进行其教牧工作中的心理治疗。
Many states (not California) in the U.S. allow individuals to practice counseling with a license.
许多州(不含加州)也允许有执照(这里大概指有行医执照的, 我没有细究)的人进行咨询
Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC).(执业专业咨询师) To receive a license as an LPC, an individual generally needs a master’s or doctoral degree in counseling or a counseling-related field from an accredited college or university.
执业专业治疗师;要想做LPC,要从认证的学员或大学获得咨询或咨询相关专业的硕士或博士学位
Then, there are many different licenses under which individuals may practice psychotherapy.
执业心理治疗还有很多不同的执照
Psychiatrist. A psychiatrist has an MD degree and is licensed in California by the Medical Board of California; by virtue of his or her license to practice medicine, he or she can perform psychotherapy (or psychoanalysis, with the proper training from a psychoanalytic institute).
精神病学家:加州医学委员会认证的有资格证书的精神病学医学博士(MD)..................
Psychiatric Nurse. A psychiatric nurse (RPN), by virtue of his or her license to practice nursing, can perform psychotherapy (with proper training) in some settings, but not independently.
精神病学护士.................
Psychiatric Technician. These persons, licensed in California by the Board of Vocational Nursing & Psychiatric Technicians, must practice under supervision in settings such as hospitals, correctional facilities, and residential care facilities; they cannot practice independently.
精神病学技师..............................
Social Worker. A person who has a master’s degree in social work (MSW) can become a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and practice independently as a psychotherapist. In California, LCSWs are licensed by the Board of Behavioral Sciences. (Also, in California, an Associate Clinical Social Worker (ASW) can perform psychotherapy while working under the supervision of an LCSW in order to accrue supervised experience before becoming licensed.)
According to California regulations, “LCSWs are authorized to employ psychotherapeutic techniques, among other services, with individuals, couples, families, and groups to improve the clients’ quality of life.” (What does quality of life mean? In practice, it can be stretched to mean anything. So be careful.)
社会工作者.......................(执照临床社会工作者,这个也是要执照的~)
Marriage and Family Therapist. There are states, such as California, in which a person who has received a master’s degree in clinical psychology may be licensed as a Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT)—and most MFTs usually call themselves psychotherapists as well. In California, MFTs are licensed by the Board of Behavioral Sciences. (Also, in California, an MFT Intern can perform psychotherapy while working under the supervision of an MFT in order to accrue supervised experience before becoming licensed.)
According to California regulations, “MFTs are authorized to employ psychotherapeutic techniques with individuals, couples, families, and groups to improve the clients’ interpersonal functions.” The intent of the law was to provide an alternative to psychologists, so that less educated, and therefore less expensive, service providers might work with non-psychiatric interpersonal issues. But when everyone—even a person with a psychiaric disorder—has interpersonal functions, MFTs can stretch the laws to do anything they want. And managed care companies are quite happy to stretch their profits thereby. So be careful.
婚姻与家庭治疗师......................
Psychologist. The title Psychologist (in the U.S.) is usually protected by state law; that is, a person with a degree in psychology can’t be called a “psychologist” unless licensed as a psychologist by a state. In California, psychologists are licensed by the Board of Psychology.
Yet when states license psychologists they generally don’t care if the person has a degree in clinical psychology or counseling psychology or education. So in most states a person with a psychologist license can legally do clinical work or counseling work, regardless of training or type of degree. In California the degree must be a doctorate, but in some states a person with a masters degree can be licensed as a psychologist.
心理学家: “心理学家”这个称号在美国是受法律保护的,就是说,不是说有心理学学位就是心理学家了, 还得有州颁发的心理学执照,在加州是心理学委员会负责..........加州规定学位必须是博士学位,有的州规定是硕士就足够了。
In California, both a Registered Psychologist and a Psychological Assistant are specific forms of registration by which an unlicensed person can perform limited psychological functions to accrue hours of supervised professional experience.
A registered psychologist can be registered only at a nonprofit community agency and must possess (a) a doctoral degree which qualifies for psychology licensure and (b) at least 1500 hours of qualifying supervised professional experience.
A psychological assistant need not have any experience but must have at least a qualifying master’s degree in psychology; a psychological assistant can be employed and supervised by a licensed psychologist (or a board-certified psychiatrist) in a private setting.
注册心理学家和心理学助理........................
For more information about registered psychologists and psychological assistants, see the website of the California Board of Psychology.
可见,腐朽没落腐败恶臭的美国,管理更加严格,区别更加明显,更加不通俗,更加不是一回事儿。收起你的广义狭义的把戏吧!
你听过“而已汤”的故事么?
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